NTP Client Configuration

[root@ns1 /]#    vim /etc/ntp.conf
provide here server IP

[root@ns1 /]#    vim /etc/ntp/step-tickers
provide here server IP

[root@ns1 /]#    service ntpd restart
[root@ns1 /]#    sysctl -p

Now reboot your system 

Assign privilege for a specific user into a directory/file

[root@ns1 /]#    getfacl ( to see )

[root@ns1 /]#    setfacl -m u:username:permission /directoryname ( to provide permission)
such as "setfacl -m u:momin:rwx /support "

[root@ns1 /]#    setfacl -x u:username /directoryname ( remove from permission )

[root@ns1 /]#    setfacl -x u:username /directoryname (remove from group permission)

Help Command

[root@ns1 /]#    whatis
[root@ns1 /]#    man
[root@ns1 /]#    info
[root@ns1 /]#    nststat --help
[root@ns1 /]#    locate
[root@ns1 /]#    stat filename
[root@ns1 /]#    whichis
[root@ns1 /]#    whereis
[root@ns1 /]#    which free ps
[root@ns1 /]#    ps

How to make a computer faster: 6 ways to speed up your PC

By following a few simple guidelines, you can maintain your computer, help increase your PC speed, and help keep it running smoothly. This article discusses how to use the tools available in Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP Service Pack 3 to help make your computer faster, maintain your computer efficiently, and help safeguard your privacy when you're online.Note: Some of the tools mentioned in this article require you to be logged on as an administrator. If you aren't logged on as an administrator, you can only change settings that apply to your user account.


1. Remove spyware, and help protect your computer from virusesSpyware collects personal information without letting you know and without asking for permission. From the websites you visit to user names and passwords, spyware can put you and your confidential information at risk. In addition to privacy concerns, spyware can hamper your computer's performance. To combat spyware, you might want to consider using the PC safety scan from Windows Live OneCare. This scan is a free service that helps check for and remove viruses.
Download Microsoft Security Essentials for free to help guard your system in the future from viruses, spyware, adware, and other malicious software (also known as malware). Microsoft Security Essentials acts as a spyware removal tool and includes automatic updates to help keep your system protected from emerging threats.
The Microsoft Windows Malicious Software Removal Tool is another utility that checks computers running Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP, Windows 2000, and Windows Server 2003 for infections by specific, prevalent malicious software, including Blaster, Sasser, and Mydoom, and helps remove any infection found.


2. Free up disk spaceThe Disk Cleanup tool helps you to free up space on your hard disk to improve the performance of your computer. The tool identifies files that you can safely delete and then enables you to choose whether you want to delete some or all of the identified files.
Use Disk Cleanup to:

Remove temporary Internet files.
Delete downloaded program files, such as Microsoft ActiveX controls and Java applets.
Empty the Recycle Bin.
Remove Windows temporary files, such as error reports.
Delete optional Windows components that you don't use.
Delete installed programs that you no longer use.
Remove unused restore points and shadow copies from System Restore. Tip: Typically, temporary Internet files take the most amount of space because the browser caches each page you visit for faster access later.
To use Disk Cleanup:

Windows 7 users

Click Start, click All Programs, click Accessories, click System Tools, and then click Disk Cleanup. If several drives are available, you might be prompted to specify which drive you want to clean.
When Disk Cleanup has calculated how much space you can free up, in the Disk Cleanup for dialog box, scroll through the content of the Files to delete list.


Clear the check boxes for files that you don't want to delete, and then click OK.

For more options, such as cleaning up System Restore and Shadow copy files, under Description, click Clean up system files, and then click the More Options tab.
When prompted to confirm that you want to delete the specified files, click Yes. After a few minutes, the process completes and the Disk Cleanup dialog box closes, leaving your computer cleaner, performing better, and potentially increasing your PC speed.
Windows Vista users

In the Start menu, click All Programs, click Accessories, click System Tools, and then click Disk Cleanup.
In the Disk Cleanup Options dialog box, choose whether you want to clean up your own files only or all of the files on the computer.
If the Disk Cleanup: Drive Selection dialog box appears, select the hard disk drive that you want to clean up, and then click OK.
Click the Disk Cleanup tab, and then select the check boxes for the files you want to delete.
When you finish selecting the files you want to delete, click OK, and then, to confirm the operation, click Delete files. Disk Cleanup then removes all unnecessary files from your computer. This may take a few minutes. The More Options tab is available when you choose to clean files from all users on the computer.
Windows XP users

Click Start, point to All Programs, point to Accessories, point to System Tools, and then click Disk Cleanup. If several drives are available, you might be prompted to specify which drive you want to clean.


In the Disk Cleanup for dialog box, scroll through the content of the Files to delete list.


Clear the check boxes for files that you don't want to delete, and then click OK.
When prompted to confirm that you want to delete the specified files, click Yes. After a few minutes, the process completes and the Disk Cleanup dialog box closes, leaving your computer cleaner and potentially performing better.

3. Speed up access to dataDisk fragmentation slows the overall performance of your system. When files are fragmented, the computer must search the hard disk as a file is opened (to piece it back together). The response time can be significantly longer.
Disk Defragmenter (sometimes shortened to Defrag by users) is a Windows utility that consolidates fragmented files and folders on your computer's hard disk so that each occupies a single space on the disk. With your files stored neatly end to end, without fragmentation, reading and writing to the disk speeds up.
When to run Disk Defragmenter
In addition to running Disk Defragmenter at regular intervals (weekly is optimal), there are other times you should run it, too, such as when:

You add a large number of files.
Your free disk space totals 15 percent or less.
You install new programs or a new version of the Windows operating system. To use Disk Defragmenter:

Windows 7 users

Click Start, click All Programs, click Accessories, click System Tools, and then click Disk Defragmenter.


In the Disk Defragmenter dialog box, click the drives that you want to defragment, and then click the Analyze disk button. After the disk is analyzed, a dialog box appears, letting you know whether you should defragment the analyzed drives.

Tip: You should analyze a volume before defragmenting it to get an estimate of how long the defragmentation process will take.
To defragment the selected drive or drives, click the Defragment disk button. In the Current status area, under the Progress column, you can monitor the process as it happens. After the defragmentation is complete, Disk Defragmenter displays the results.
To display detailed information about the defragmented disk or partition, click View Report.
To close the View Report dialog box, click Close.
You can also schedule the Disk Defragmenter to run automatically. (Your computer might even be set up this way by default.) Under Schedule, it reads Scheduled defragmentation is turned on and then displays the time of day and frequency of defragmentation. If you want to turn off automatic defragmentation or to change the time or frequency, click Configure schedule (or Turn on Schedule, if it is not currently configured to run automatically). Change the settings, and then click OK.
To close the Disk Defragmenter utility, on the title bar of the window, click the Close button.
Windows Vista users

Open Disk Defragmenter: Click the Start button, click All Programs, click Accessories, click System Tools, and then click Disk Defragmenter. If you are prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type the password or provide confirmation.
In the Disk Defragmenter dialog box, click the drives that you want to defragment and then click the Analyze disk button. After the disk is analyzed, a dialog box appears letting you know whether you should defragment the analyzed drives.

Tip: You should analyze a volume before defragmenting it to get an estimate of how long the defragmentation process will take.
To defragment the selected drive or drives, click the Defragment disk button. In the Current status area, under the Progress column, you can monitor the process as it happens. After the defragmentation is complete, Disk Defragmenter displays the results.
To display detailed information about the defragmented disk or partition, click View Report.
To close the View Report dialog box, click Close.
You can also schedule the Disk Defragmenter to run automatically. (Your computer might be set up this way by default.) Click Modify schedule....
In the Disk Defragmenter: Modify Schedule dialog box, choose how often, which day, and at what time of day you want defragmentation to occur, and then click OK.
Click OK again.
Windows XP users

Click Start, point to All Programs, point to Accessories, point to System Tools, and then click Disk Defragmenter.


In the Disk Defragmenter dialog box, click the drives that you want to defragment and then click the Analyze button. After the disk is analyzed, a dialog box appears, letting you know whether you should defragment the analyzed drives.

Tip: You should analyze a volume before defragmenting it to get an estimate of how long the defragmentation process will take.
To defragment the selected drive or drives, click the Defragment button. Note: In Windows Vista, there is no graphical user interface to demonstrate the progress—but your hard drive is still being defragmented.

After the defragmentation is complete, Disk Defragmenter displays the results.
To display detailed information about the defragmented disk or partition, click View Report.
To close the View Report dialog box, click Close.
To close the Disk Defragmenter utility, on the title bar of the window, click the Close button. Running Disk Cleanup and Disk Defragmenter on a regular basis is a proven way to help keep your computer running quickly and efficiently. If you'd like to learn how to schedule these tools and others to run automatically, please read Speed up your PC: Automate your computer maintenance schedule.


4. Detect and repair disk errorsIn addition to running Disk Cleanup and Disk Defragmenter to optimize the performance of your computer, you can check the integrity of the files stored on your hard disk by running the Error Checking utility.
As you use your hard drive, it can develop bad sectors. Bad sectors slow down hard disk performance and sometimes make data writing (such as file saving) difficult or even impossible. The Error Checking utility scans the hard drive for bad sectors and scans for file system errors to see whether certain files or folders are misplaced.
If you use your computer daily, you should run this utility once a week to help prevent data loss.

Run the Error Checking utility:

Close all open files.
Click Start, and then click Computer.
In the Computer window (My Computer in Windows XP), right-click the hard disk you want to search for bad sectors, and then click Properties.
In the Properties dialog box, click the Tools tab.
Click the Check Now button.
In the Check Disk dialog box (called Error-checking in Windows 7), select the Scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors check box, and then click Start.


If bad sectors are found, choose to fix them. Tip: Only select the "Automatically fix file system errors" check box if you think that your disk contains bad sectors.

5. Learn about ReadyBoostIf you're using Windows 7 or Windows Vista, you can use ReadyBoost to speed up your system. A new concept in adding memory to a system, it allows you to use non-volatile flash memory—like a USB flash drive or a memory card—to improve performance without having to add additional memory.

Learn more about ReadyBoost in Windows 7.
Learn more about ReadyBoost in Windows Vista.
6. Upgrade to Windows 7If you try all the previous remedies and your computer still isn't as fast as you would like it to be, you may want to consider updating to Windows 7.

Find out if your computer can run Windows 7 using the Upgrade Advisor.
Compare Window 7 editions.
Read a third-party review of Wind

How to add & Create e-mail message signature for outlook 2007

Hope this helps you to create Signature in Microsoft Outlook, just follow these steps :


1) Open Microsoft Outlook, then click on the "Tools" menu. Click "Options".
2) Click on the tab "Mail Format."
3) In the "Message Format" section, at the "Compose in this message format", make sure you have "HTML" selected to include special formatting like colors and graphics in your signature.
4) Then click on the "Signatures" button near the bottom to add a new signature
5) Click on the button that says "New" to create a new signature.
6)Then enter a name for your new signature. Then choose to start with a blank signature, use an existing signature, or use another file as a template. Click "Next".
7) Another dialog box opens allowing you to edit the signature.
8) Click the "Finish" button.
9) Click "OK".


Creating Outlook 2007 Signature
Click on Tools, then Options.

This will open the Options dialog box. Click on Mail Format, then click on the Signature button.

This will open the Signatures and Stationery box. Click New and give your signature a name. In the text area, type your desired signature. You can change the font, font size, add bold or italics by using the buttons and the drop down menus found above the text area.

Note: you can setup more than one signature, click on New again and repeat the process above.
To make your signature appear when you create a new email or reply to an email.
On the Signatures and Stationery box, you can select your signature for new messsages or replies and forwards. Select the name of your signature for new messages or replies/forwards and click on OK.

Hope this helps.

How to Creating a Rule Microsoft Outlook 2007

1. In Outlook 2007, select Rules and Alerts from the Tools menu.
   
   
   
   
   
2. In the Rules and Alerts window, click on the New Rule button.
   
   
   
   
   The Rules Wizard is displayed.
   
   
3. In the top box (labeled "Step 1") of the Rules Wizard, select the rule that you want to create. You can also build your own rule by selecting one of the generic rules under the section Start from a blank rule. (In the example below, the rule Move messages with specific words in the subject to a folder has been selected.) A description of the rule you select will be displayed in the bottom box, which is labeled "Step 2."
   
   
   
   
   
4. Click on the Next button. A list of conditions will be displayed. (A condition is criteria for which you either select or enter a value.)
5. Select the condition(s) for your rule. To select a condition, click on the box next to that condition so that a check mark appears. Any conditions you select will be added automatically to the "Step 2" area at the bottom of the window. (Note: Your rule will be applied when the conditions you select are met.)
   
   
   
   
   
   Notice that the full description of your rule, in the rule description area at the bottom of the Rules Wizard, changes as you add (or remove) conditions. Text links will appear for some conditions.
   
6. In the rule description area, click on people or distribution list.
   
   
   
   
   Your Outlook 2007 address book is displayed.
   
   
   
7. In your address book, select the person whom you want Outlook to look out for by clicking on the person 's name, then clicking on the From button, and then clicking OK when you're done.
   
   
   
   
   
   The name(s) you selected (in this example, "Judy Smith") will be displayed in the rule description, as shown below.
   
   
   
   
   
8. In rule description area, click on specified words.
   
   
   
   
   
   In the above example, you can click on "specific words" to add a specific word or phrase for which you want Outlook to search in order for Outlook to perform the rule. In this case, Outlook will search for any words or phrases you add, and will perform the rule (in this example, move messages to a specific folder) once this condition is met (if it finds any of those words or phrases).
   
9. In the Search Text window, enter the desired word or phrase and then click on the Add button. (In the example, "registration deadline" will be added.)
   
   
   
   
   
10. Continue adding words or phrases by repeating step 9 until you're done. Click OK when you're done.
    
    
    
    
    
    Notice that Outlook has updated the rule description with your changes----the words or phrases you added now appear as part of the rule description. (In this example, "specified words" has been replaced with " 'registration deadline' or 'spring 2010 registration' ", as highlighted in the example below.)
    
    
    
    
    
    
11. Click on the underlined word specified that appears in move it to a specified folder.
    
    
    
    
    
12. Select the folder (or create a new folder) in which you want Outlook to move the mail messages, and then click OK.
    
    
    
    
    
    The folder will be displayed in your rule description.
    
    
    
    
    
13. After you're done setting values for all the conditions you've selected, click on the Next button.
    
    
    
    
14. In the next window, you'll be asked if you want to select any exceptions to your rule. In the example, except if the subject contains specific words has been selected. The exception you selected also appears in the rule description.
    
    
    
    
    
15. In the rule description, click on the underlined words specific words.
    
    
    
    
    
16. In the Search Text window, enter the desired words, and then click on the Add button. Continue doing this until you've added all the desired words, and then click OK.
    
    
    
    
    
    The words you added (in this example, "2009") will be displayed in the rule description.
    
    
    
    
    
17. In the next window:
    1. Enter a descriptive name for your rule. (In this example, the name of the rule that was entered is "Judy Smith Registration 2010 Mail Rule".)
    2. Make sure the option Turn on this rule is selected. (Note: If you do not select this option, you will have to run the rule manually.)
    3. Click Finish.
    
    
    
    
    Your rule will be listed in the Rules and Alerts window.
    
    
    
    
    
18. Click OK to close the Rules and Alerts window.

You have now successfully created a rule in Outlook 2007. You can now run your rule.

How to forward specific users mail to specific folder at Gmail

Login to your Gmail account

In the main page you will see the Account Settings as highlighted below

Click Settings

Click Filter then press Creat a new filter

Click the link to get the Filter option as below

If you want to organize the filtered email by labelling them, choose the option “Apply the Label” and click the drop down as seen below

If you want to create a New Label click the “New Label” and you will get the pop up as below

• Enter the Label Name and Click OK. You can edit the label names later, if you want to rename the label
• Once you create a new label you will see a confirmation as below

Gmail Label Confirmation

Another Procedure :

Login to your Gmail account
In the main page you will see the filter option as highlighted below

Gmail Filter

• Click the link to get the Filter option as below

Gmail Filter View

• So this is the page where you can enter the filter criteria.
• If you want to Filter incoming emails based on from address, enter the address of the person who is going to send you the email. You can enter his name or the email address, I suggest you to use the email address rather than name, because there are several similar names which will confuse you later
• If you want to set a filter based on to whom it was sent, you can enter that. Note: You may think, I only have 1 email address and all the emails are sent to that address so how am I going to enter my email Id to filter. I have one more post in this website which talks about multiple email address in your same ID something like blogpostdemo+test@gmail.com instead of blogpostdemo@gmail.com. These types of address are used to create filters to organize the inbox
• If you know the subject of the message, you can enter a word or few words of the subject to filter the emails
• If you want to filter all the emails with a word anywhere in subject or sender or receiver or body of the content, enter it in “Has the word” field
• If you are looking for an email without a word enter the word in “Doesn’t have”
• If you want to filter the attachments separately, check the “Has attachment” option

Gmail Filter From address

Gmail Filter To address

• So enter the search or filter criteria and click “Next step”
• Below image explains the overview of the other options, click the image to enlarge

Gmail Filter Options

• Here you have many options to select
• Once you click the “Next Step” you will get the above seen screen and Gmail also searches and bring the result at the bottom of the filter option

Gmail Option Selection

• If you want the Filtered emails to skip the inbox and “archive it” choose the option “Skip the Inbox” remember, you will not find this in your inbox at all. If you choose this option , I advice you to set a Label so you can go back there and see if there is any important message.
• If you want the filtered Emails to be automatically marked as read, choose the option “Mark as Read”
• If you want the filtered Emails to be automatically starred, choose the option “Star it”
• If you want to organize the filtered email by labelling them, choose the option “Apply the Label” and click the drop down as seen below

Gmail New Label

• If you want to create a New Label click the “New Label” and you will get the pop up as below

Gmail New label

• Enter the Label Name and Click OK. You can edit the label names later, if you want to rename the label
• Once you create a new label you will see a confirmation as below

Gmail Label Confirmation

• If you want any emails to be forwarded to a different email address, you can enter the email address in the “Forward it to” field. This is very useful if you are using more than 1 email ID and if you want to access the emails from different ID. There is also option of setting Gmail Mail fetching. I have posted that in this website, read it if you want to organize all your emails in 1 Inbox. Remember, You cannot forward an old email that is already in your inbox using the filter option. This option is applicable only to new emails
• Once you finish choosing these options for your filter, Click create Filter and set the filter of your preference.
• You will also have an option for assigning the filter to the existing emails in your inbox by click the “Also apply this setting to XX conversation below”
• Is you go to your inbox, you will see the difference based on the filter criteria you have choosen

I suggest you to read more about Gmail Tips and Tricks that I have posted here to increase productivity
If you have any question or suggestions, please post a comment

How To Import Emails From Other Email Services Into Your Gmail Account

If you find it boring and time wasting opening your different email accounts (Yahoo, AOL, Gmail, etc.), you can manage all of them in one place. In this guide, we will show you how to move all your emails from other email services like Yahoo/Hotmail, etc. to your Gmail account.Get Start

1. Sign in to your Gmail account and head to Mail Settings.

2. Open the Accounts and import tab and click Import mail and contacts.

3. In the pop-up window, submit the email you want to import your contacts from, then click Continue.

 

4)You will be presented with the following screen where you input your Live/Hotmail address and click the Next step button:

5)You are then taken to the following screen:

 

Type in your Live/Hotmail Username (email) and password and click Add Account.

Notice that the POP Server and Port are  already filled in for you. You can also choose form the additional Tick Box options, these are fairly self explanatory.

If your Username and password are correct you will have added the account and Gmail will begin to fetch the emails from your Live/Hotmail account.

Automatically Forward Emails to only one Email addresses

1. Log in to your Gmail account and go to “Settings”. Click the “Forwarding and Pop/IMAP tab.

2. Select the radio button that says “Forward a copy of incoming mail to”. Enter the email address where you want to forward the incoming emails.
3. Hit “Save changes” and you are done.
Now all the emails sent to this email address will be automatically forwarded to the email address you specified above. Read this guide if you want to

Automatically Forward All Emails to Multiple Email addresses :

Gmail and Google apps do not support forwarding emails to multiple email addresses. However forwarding to multiple email addresses can be achieved by using a Gmail filter as described below:
1. Login to Gmail, click “Settings” and go to the “Filters” tab.
2. Click “Create a new Filter” and you will be shown something like the following:

3. Enter the current email address in the To: field.
4. Click “Next Step” and enter the email address where you wish to auto forward all the messages.

5. Hit the “Create Filter” button and you are done. Now all the emails received in this email address will be automatically forwarded to the second email address.
Similarly, you can add multiple filters to forward emails to multiple email accounts.